равенство

This paper examines the evolution of the understanding of the category of «equality» since ancient Rome to contemporary period. Analyzed the opinions of scholars of different ages with respect to formal and social equality. It is concluded that the claims of equality means the person, its requirement that society and the state gave it to any member not less benefits than others. However, the law of equality is the opposite assertion another law – the variability of natural human abilities, which makes people different, different from each other.

The article dials with gender relations in the context of the market reforms in modern Russian. The changing gender roles of the Russian citizens a been shown, the perspectives and directions of development of the changing women’s position in economics a been defined.

The scientific tradition of A. de Tocqueville has been the subject matter of many studies. However, many Tocquevillian ideas have been misrepresented. This article tries to make some corrections over the essential part of Tocqueville’s democratic theory, which refers, in particular, to the issue of freedom and equality correlation. That goal is expected to be reached in context of defining and partially redefining the political-ideological portrait of de Tocqueville and, thus, through revealing some reservations in that regard.

The article analyzes results of an online survey (N = 519) and focus group interviews (N = 36) of young people (aged between 14 and 35) living in the Saratov region. The author summarizes answers to an open question about the way respondents understand social justice. Key elements of justice are highlighted and ranked. The results obtained are compared with the ideological preferences of the respondents.