form of government

The article contains a comparative analysis of processes and results of formation of political systems of four post-Soviet states of Central Asia: Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Based on the distribution of powers in the triangle of institutions of supreme state power: president – parliament – government, the type of political system of all four countries – electoral autocracy – is determined.

The article analyzes the impact of the institution of direct presidential elections on the form of government in the conditions of a parliamentary republic. The author identifies five models of the outcome of the introduction of popular elections, of which the parliamentary system remains in three models (Iceland, Ireland and the Czech Republic), and in the other two the transition to semi-presidential (France) and presidential systems (Turkey) occurs. Author’s assessment of the role of popular presidential elections in the parliamentary system is given