The authors explore current problems of public administration of processes related to combating corruption, focusing on its theoretical, methodological, political and legal aspects. This is due to the fact that the society has formed a demand to ensure resolute counteraction to corruption, the spread of which creates an existential threat to Russian society. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the eff orts of the government, business and civil society, including the scientifi c and expert community, aimed at solving this problem. Special attention is paid to the search and use of adequate theoretical and methodological approaches to the corruption problem, which has a complex nature, and the development of eff ective anti-corruption technologies. In this regard, a critical analysis was carried out and the inconsistency of biologizing and sociologizing interpretations of corruption, recognition of its “eternal” nature, etc., was shown, which leads to the development and use of ineff ective anticorruption tools. On the contrary, heuristic possibilities of dialectical, concrete-historical and interdisciplinary approaches to the development of anti-corruption system are postulated. It is concluded that the deep origins, causes and factors that generate corruption in modern Russia are rooted in the model of social structure chosen in the 1990s. The necessity of developing and implementing an updated state anti-corruption policy in the context of ongoing and expected socio-economic and political transformations is substantiated. It is shown that the updated anti-corruption policy should be implemented in dialectical unity with the state policy on the preservation and strengthening of traditional spiritual and moral values.