The aim of this study is to determine the role of artifi cial intelligence (AI) technologies in modern neocolonial practices and assess their impact on the digital sovereignty of developing countries. Today, artifi cial intelligence has become a strategic resource in geopolitical competition, exerting a signifi cant infl uence on political processes, digital transformation, and the national sovereignty of Global South countries. The article examines the mechanisms through which developed countries maintain their technological dominance, including the monopolization of digital technologies and infrastructure, as well as control over information fl ows. Particular attention is given to the instrumental use of AI technologies in the political sphere, including generative models, AI-driven decision support systems, recommendation algorithms, sentiment analysis, and big data analytics. Specifi c examples of their application in political campaigns, electoral processes, information warfare, and public opinion manipulation are analyzed. The study also explores cases of interference through social media algorithms, the creation of fake content using AI technologies, and voter targeting based on psychological profi ling. The study concludes that modern AI technologies are used by developed countries to infl uence political processes in developing states, reinforcing their technological and informational dependence. Through the analysis, a typology of AI-driven mechanisms of digital neocolonialism has been developed, providing a deeper understanding of AI’s infl uence on politics and substantiating the need to strengthen digital sovereignty.