The main theoretical and methodological approaches that are used in Russian and world political science to study foreign policy expertise and related problems are analyzed in the article. The author concludes that there are so called “procedural”, institutional, system, and network approaches. From the point of view of the first one, foreign policy expertise is a special activity or procedure that is carried out by subjects with special knowledge and status. The institutional approach focuses on particular expert organizations (mostly think tanks) that work in the field of foreign policy and international relations. It is effective in exploring the features of their organizational structure and functioning, history, and current practice. The system approach is inherent primarily in Russian scholarly works on foreign policy expertise. Historians were the first to use it for this purpose. The network methodology is mostly used to study the expert community as a complex of multi-level subjects participating in the assessment and making of foreign policy decisions. Despite the fact that these approaches give a relatively holistic view on foreign policy expertise, there still are problem areas associated with it, which have not yet become the object of theorizing within political science.