The constitutional evolution of the system of state administration in modern Russia is considered based on the theory of treaty state. The system-forming features of the permanent process of separation of powers are the constitutional and monopoly exclusivity of powers. Monopoly exclusivity ensures, on the one hand, the dynamic stability of political systems, and, on the other, generates a unique disproportion based on the independence and self-sufficiency of the branches of government. The main directions of development and signs of separation of powers within the framework of existing theories are highlighted. A tool for analyzing the experience of institutional and organizational transit of the state and municipal management system is developed.